Tuesday, March 3, 2015

Scrub Bull Trials



A little weird USDA/eugenics history from Mother Jones:
Combine the growing population, the desire for cheap meat and milk, and the increasing popularity of eugenics, and the result, Rosenberg said, was the "Better Sires: Better Stock" program, launched by the USDA in 1919. In an accompanying essay, "Harnessing Heredity to Improve the Nation's Live Stock," the USDA's Bureau of Animal Industry proclaimed that, each year, "a round billion dollars is lost because heredity has been permitted to work with too little control." The implication: Humans needed to take control—and stop letting inferior or "scrub" bulls reproduce!
The "Better Sires: Better Stock" campaign included a variety of elements to encourage farmers to mate "purebred" rather than "scrub" or "degenerate" sires with their female animals. Anyone who pledged to only use purebred stock to expand their herd was awarded a handsome certificate. USDA field agents distributed pamphlets entitled "Runts—and the Remedy" and "From Scrubs to Quality Stock," packed with charts showing incremental increases of dollar value with each improved generation as well as testimonials from enrolled farmers.
By far the most peculiar aspect of the campaign, however, came in 1924, when the USDA published its "Outline for Conducting a Scrub-Sire Trial." This mimeographed pamphlet, which Rosenberg recently unearthed, contained detailed instructions on how to hold a legal trial of a non-purebred bull, in order to publicly condemn it as unfit to reproduce. The pamphlet calls for a cast of characters to include a judge, a jury, attorneys, and witnesses for the prosecution and the defense, as well as a sheriff, who should "wear a large metal star and carry a gun," and whose role, given the trial's foregone conclusion, was "to have charge of the slaughter of the condemned scrub sire and to superintend the barbecue."
In addition to an optional funeral oration for the scrub sire and detailed instructions regarding the barbecue or other refreshments ("bologna sandwiches, boiled wieners, or similar products related to bull meat" are recommended), the pamphlet also includes a script that begins with the immortal lines: "Hear ye! Hear ye! The honorable court of bovine justice of ___ County is now in session." The county's case against the scrub bull is laid out: that he is a thief for consuming "valuable provender" while providing no value in return, that he is an "unworthy father," and that his very existence is "detrimental to the progress and prosperity of the public at large." Several pages and roughly two hours later, the trial concludes with the following stage direction: "The bull is led away and a few moments later a shot is fired."
I don't think that process would go over that well these days, even though a bull has even less of a chance to survive today.

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